Nec 2017 code changes chapter 2 wiring and protection changes from the 2014 code are highlighted in yellow. The passage of an electric current through this gasvapour produces light or ultraviolet radiation. We see a burst of this light in the sparks of static electricity or lightning. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which together account for 99% of the light produced by these lamps. An arrangement of incandescent lamps, electricdischarge lighting, or other electrically powered light sources to outline or call attention to certain features such as the shape of a building or the decoration of a window. Nec 2017 code changes chapter 3 wiring methods and materials. The french inventor georges claude was the first to use neon gas, about 1910. Lowpressure electric discharge and plasma lamps lowpressure mercury vapour lamp cold cathode lowpressure lamps. Electric discharge an overview sciencedirect topics. Some bits of discharge lamp theory and other technical. Lamp, a device for producing illumination, consisting originally of a vessel containing a wick soaked in combustible material, and subsequently such other lightproducing instruments as gas and electric lamps.
Simple gasdischarge tubes such as neon lamps exhibit electrical hysteresis. Leds are ideal for use in applications that are subject to frequent onoff cycling, unlike fluorescent lamps that burn out more quickly when cycled frequently, or high intensity discharge hid lamps that require a long time before restarting. Click download or read online button to get electric discharge lamps book now. The french astronomer jean picard observed 1675 a faint glow in a mercurybarometer tube when it was agitated, but the cause of the glow static electricity was not then understood. The ionization degree may vary anywhere from 100% to 10 4 10 6 i. Require a ballast, that controls their starting and operation and acts as a current limiting device. A low steady current can be used to illustrate the spectrum of gases in a gasfilled tube.
Design and verification of electrical installations seventh edition brian scaddan, ieng, miet amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of elsevier. Discharge lamp definition of discharge lamp by merriamwebster. Utilization of electrical energy pdf notes uee pdf notes. Typically, such lamps use a noble gas argon, neon, krypton, and xenon or a mixture of these gases. Each hid lamp type has its own characteristics that must be individually considered for any lighting application. Optional unmetered service the company will provide optional unmetered service to customers meeting the eligibility requirements. Discharge lamps generate electromagnetic radiation by means of an electric current passing through a gas or metal vapor. The lamp was invented at least as early as 70,000 bce. Plasmas are cathegorized in hightemperature or fusion plasmas and lowtemperature plasmas or gas discharges.
Electric discharge lamps download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. Nec 2017 code changes chapter 2 wiring and protection. This process is known as electric discharge, or gaseous discharge. A high degree of visibility is attained, and objects on the roadway can be clearly seen for an unusually long distance. Iii and iv deal with sodium vapour lamps and colour floodlighting. Gas discharge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. The physics of discharge lamps request pdf researchgate. The auxiliary equipment of electric discharge lamps mounted in permanently. Some include additional substances, like mercury, sodium, and metal halides, which are vaporized during startup to become part of the gas mixture. Although the first discharge lamps were carbon arc lamps used briefly for street lighting near the turn of the century, it was not until the 1940s that discharge lamps in the form of fluorescent lamps came into common usage. Several types of lamps produce light by establishing a permanent electric arc in a gas. Part of the nato asi series book series nssb, volume 220.
Gasdischarge lamps are a family of artificial light sources that generate light by sending an electric discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma. Electric tractioni,advantages and disadvantages of electric traction,system of traction,mechanical features,traction motors. Electric discharge lamps are a common example of an application of phenomena in partially. May 15, 2016 an arrangement of incandescent lamps, electric discharge lighting, or other electrically powered light sources to outline or call attention to certain features such as the shape of a building or the decoration of a window. Chapter e 410 lighting fixtures, lampholders, lamps. This type of lamp involves an internal electrical discharge being created between two electrodes in a gas filled chamber. Electric discharge and fluorescence light is often produced when an electric current passes through a gas. Secondary wiring to electricdischarge lamps of volts or less, if insulated for the secondary voltage involved, shall be permitted to occupy the same luminaire, sign, or outline lighting enclosure as the branchcircuit conductors. Comparison between discharge and led lighting fixtures. Lighting fundamentals handbook, electric power research institute, tr101710, march 1993. The properties and effects of electric discharges are useful over a wide range of magnitudes.
Philips lighting manual, handbook of lighting installation design prepared by. Discharge lamp definition of discharge lamp by merriam. However, they distort the color rendition of objects and are used mostly as ambient lighting for commercial interiors. Electricdischarge lamp definition of electricdischarge. Hid high intensity discharge lamps elliott electric supply. Publishers pdf, also known as version of record includes final page, issue and volume numbers. Secondary wiring to electric discharge lamps of volts or less, if insulated for the secondary voltage involved, shall be permitted to occupy the same luminaire, sign, or outline lighting enclosure as the branchcircuit conductors. Discharge lamps generate electromagnetic radiation by means of an electric current.
Mercury vapor lamps consist of an inner arc discharge tube constructed of quartz. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few sources which together. The ballast is a power supply for arc discharge lamps. In this catalog, lamps are listed two ways for quick reference. What are some of the main uses for discharge lamps. A discharge lamp consists essentially of a tube of glass, quartz or other suitable material, containing a gas and, in most cases, a metal vapour.
Electric discharge lamps may be named after the filling gas or vapor that is responsible for the major portion of the radiation. Mercury vapour in a neon lamp gives a bluish light. Tarrant, in instrumentation reference book fourth edition, 2010. Electric discharge lamp article about electric discharge. Nec chapter 1 article 100 definitions electrician central. Below you can add an image for hid high intensity discharge lamps that will appear in the manufacture search results on our website. This book deals with highpressure or highintensity discharge hid lamps.
This book brings together an extraordinary amount of data on all the major types of electric discharge lamps which are now in commercial use. Electricdischarge lamps may be named after the filling gas or vapor that is responsible for the major portion of the radiation. Reference ballast a ballast specially constructed to have certain prescribed characteristics for use in testing electricdischarge lamps and other ballasts. Choose to either upload the image file directly, or copy and paste a link url that points directly to the image. These lamps also have a surplus of yellow andor orangeyellow. Reflector a device used to redirect the light by the process of reflection. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few resources which together. In technical usage, a replaceable component that produces light from electricity is called a lamp. Electric discharge lamp a lamp that generates light by passing an electric arc through a space filled with a specially formulated mixture of gases. Basic electrical power fundamentals 46 kva is larger than kw because loads are inductive such as motors, discharge lighting, reactors and more current is required to keep the magnetic field energized than is turned into heat kw.
Different type of lamps for luminous electrical notes. An estimated two billion electric discharge lamps are currently in existence worldwidel. Why the light from many discharge lamps makes red things look dull mercury lamps, most metal halide lamps, most sodium lamps, and cool white, white, and warm white fluorescent lamps have a shortage of red and green light in their spectral output. Electronic operation and control of highintensity gas discharge lamps. Discharge lamp definition is an electric lamp in which an enclosed gas or vapor glows or causes a phosphor coating on the lamp s inner surface to glow. Electric discharge machining is a method of machining in which, as shown in figure 1, when an electrode and a workpiece are brought closer to each other with pulse voltage being applied between them, dielectric breakdown occurring at a certain distance between them triggers discharge, whose high temperature and pressure in turn cause part of the workpiece to be melted and blown.
The behavior of electrons in mercury vapor under the influence of electric field is of vital interest in modeling of the gasdischarge lamps 1 23, lasers 4,5 and in special applications. From about 1900, practical electric discharge lamps were in use in europe and the united states. Types of highintensity discharge lamps mercury vapor lamps shortwave uv, a result of the decay of mercury atom electrons from an excited to a stable state, is readily transmitted through the inner quartz tube but is virtually blocked by the outer glass envelope during normal operation. The most common of these tubes was called the thyratron. Waymouth remarks that well over half the total amount of light produced in this country, and perhaps the world, is produced by electric discharge lamps. Utilization of electrical energy notes pdf uee notes pdf book starts with the topics covering type of electric drives, choice of motor, starting and running characteristics, speed control, temperature rise, particular applications of electric drives, types of industrial loads, continuous, intermittent and variable loads, load qualization, etc. The discharge was obtained by combining two metal or graphite rods in atmospheric air. The difference between cold cathode lamps and fluorescent lamps is that the filament cathode in the fluorescent lamp is hot. Nec 2017 code changes chapter 3 wiring methods and. Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps sparkgaps. Hid lamps have a long life and consume little energy. The final section, pages 2349, groups lamps alphabetically b to t, by bulb size. Types of highintensity discharge lamps mercury vapor lamps mercury vapor lamps are widely used to light both indoor and outdoor areas such as gymnasiums, factories, department stores, banks, highways, parks, and sports fields.
Types and characteristics of discharge lamps historically, discharge lamps represented, in the nineteenth century, the first forms of electric lighting, even before the invention of the incandescent lamps. A neon lamp is an example of a gasdischarge lamp, useful both for illumination and as a voltage regulator. This handbook provides basic information on lighting principles, lighting equipment, and other considerations related to lighting design. Various illumination methods,types of sources of illumination,arc lamps,discharge lamps. Light is produced by an arc discharge between two electrodes at opposite ends of the arc tube within the lamp. Lamps are listed in ascending order of design volts within the particular group.
Hid lamps have a long life and consume little energy to produce a great amount of light. It is the most common form of artificial lighting and is essential to modern society, providing interior lighting for buildings and exterior light for evening and nighttime activities. The behavior of electrons in mercury vapor under the influence of electric field is of vital interest in modeling of the gas discharge lamps 1 23, lasers 4,5 and in special applications. It is not intended to be an uptodate reference on current lighting products and equipment. Electric discharge lamp, also called vapour lamp, lighting device consisting of a transparent container within which a gas is energized by an applied voltage and thereby made to glow. Uses for discharge lamps offgrid solar power by sepco. Lamps led discharge induction fluorescent lamps hid lamps linear compact fluorescent low pressure sodium mercury high pressure. Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor.
This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Its scope has been limited, however, to a few sources which together account for 99% of the light produced by these lamps. Hid lamps bulb base product number footnotes product code description pg. Mar 20, 2011 hid lamps provide light from an electric discharge or arc and have a negative resistance characteristic that would cause them to draw excessive current leading to instant lamp destruction if operated directly from line voltage. Lamps respectively, while part v is given over to the most recent discharge lamp, the. Highintensity discharge lamp a lamp that produces light by passing an electrical current through a gas or vapor under high pressure.
The arc produces a discharge which cause phosphors in the lamp to fluoresce. This radiation is discrete, as opposed to the continuous radiation emitted by an incandescent filament. An electric light is a device that produces visible light from electric current. Details of electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps, including details applicable to both discharge devices and incandescent lamps.
894 1033 352 185 534 282 321 266 1484 160 1608 1463 1386 1489 165 681 924 309 1377 226 1557 753 690 748 681 1541 634 509 1247 796 27 1250 1419 506 1466 420 1394 9 457 523 796